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An energy superpower is a nation that supplies large amounts of energy resources (crude oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, etc.) to a significant number of other states, and therefore has the potential to influence world markets to gain a political or economic advantage. It is used to describe Russia, and has been used with other countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Canada, Venezuela, Australia, and Iran.〔 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 title= Saudi Arabia's first step towards clean energy technologies )〕〔 〕〔 〕 〔 〕 〔 〕 The United States is said to be a potential energy superpower because of its large shale gas reserves.〔http://thediplomat.com/2013/01/america-the-worlds-new-petrostate/〕 Energy superpower status might be exercised, for example, by significantly influencing the price on global markets, or by withholding supplies.〔 〕 The status of ''"energy superpower"'' should not be confused with that of ''"superpower"''. ==Energy superpowers== Russia's reserves of natural gas have helped give it the title of energy superpower.〔(How Sustainable is Russia's Future as an Energy Superpower? ), by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 16 March 2006〕〔(Russia: The 21st Century's Energy Superpower? ), by Fiona Hill, The Brookings Institution, 5 October 2002〕 However, this status has been called into question by some. As Vladimir Milov, of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, says : The "energy superpower" concept is an illusion with no basis in reality. Perhaps most dangerously, it doesn’t recognize the mutual dependence between Russia and energy consumers. Because of political conflicts and declining production, future supply disruptions to Europe are likely. As a result, European gas companies may likely someday demand elimination of the take-or-pay conditions in their Russian contracts. This would threaten Gazprom’s ability to borrow. Putin’s attempt to use energy to increase Russian influence could backfire in the long run. According to Manik Talwani, a geophysicist at Rice University, there are two countries that are most likely to attain the status of Oil superpower: Venezuela and Canada.〔(Canada: The next oil superpower? ), by Manik Talwani. The New York Times 2003〕 Citing their enormous potential reserves (1.2 trillion potential barrels for Venezuela and 1.75 trillion for Canada's oil sands), Dr. Talwani believes that they have the reserves to become energy superpowers in the next few decades as oil production declines elsewhere. However, as Dr. Talwani notes, both need 100 billion dollars or more to increase their production levels up to those of true energy superpowers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「energy superpower」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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